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Prediction of Recidivism in Exhibitionists: Psychological, Phallometric, and Offense Factors

School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Philip Firestone

School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, fireston{at}uottawa.ca, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, School of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5

John M. Bradford

Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

David M. Greenberg

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia, Australia

Exhibitionists have traditionally been regarded as nuisance offenders. However, empirical studies show that some offenders can be highly recidivistic and can escalate to incidents of Hands-on sexual assault. The objective of this study was to investigate predictors of recidivism in exhibitionists and clarify the differences between Hands-on and Hands-off sexual recidivists. Two hundred and twenty-one exhibitionists were assessed at a university teaching hospital between 1983 and 1996. Archival data came from medical files and police files. The Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) was assessed retrospectively. Results indicated that over a meanfollow-up period of 6.84 years, 11.7, 16.8, and 32.7% of exhibitionists were charged with or convicted of sexual, violent, or criminal offenses, respectively. Sexual reoffending recidivists were less educated, and had more prior sexual and criminal offenses. Violent, recidivists were also less educated, had lower Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) scores, higher PCL-R Totals, and more prior sexual, violent, and criminal offenses. Criminal recidivists were younger, less educated, had lower DSFI scores, higher PCL-R scores, higher Pedophile Indices, and more prior sexual, violent, and criminal offenses. Hands-on sexual recidivists demonstrated higher PCL-R ratings, higher Pedophile and Rape indices, and more prior sexual, violent, and criminal offenses than did Hands-off counterparts.

Key Words: exhibitionist • sex offender • paraphilia • recidivism • predictors.

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 14, No. 4, 329-347 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/107906320201400404


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