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Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
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The Ward and Hudson Pathways Model of the Sexual Offense Process Applied to Offenders With Intellectual Disability

William R. Lindsay

State Hospital, Carstairs, Scotland, United Kingdom, and NHS Tayside and University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland

Lesley Steptoe

NHS Tayside and University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland

Anthony T. Beech

University of Birmingham, England, United Kingdom

The offense pathways model of Ward and Hudson has had a significant impact on work with sex offenders. Researchers have hypothesised that offenders with intellectual disability (ID) will show a predominantly avoidant and passive pathway. The present study classifies 62 sex offenders with ID according to the four self-regulation pathways. Allocation to pathways is highly reliable and, against prediction, most participants are allocated to approach pathways. Explicit/active offenders have a higher rate of contact offenses and a lower rate of reoffending. Automatic/passive offenders have a lower average IQ. There are no significant differences between groups on victim choice, previous offenses, or assessment of cognitive distortions. The results suggest that treatment may improve understanding of society's laws, promote self-regulation, and reduce recidivism for explicit/active offenders.

Key Words: sex offender pathways • intellectual disability

This version was published on December 1, 2008

Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 20, No. 4, 379-392 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1079063208323369
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